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Supported by many studies and botanical surveys, the potential role of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents has dramatically raised. The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of A. biebersteinii Afan. ethanolic extract in both types of diabetes, using blood glucose and insulin levels as markers for its efficacy, morphological changes of pancreatic β-cell islets as a potential marker for a protective role, and high fat diet-streptozocin (HFD-STZ) induced diabetic rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats as diabetic models. Aerial part ethanolic extract was administered by oral gavage for 16 days at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Glibenclamide at a dose of 3 mg/kg, and metformin at a dose of 300 mg/kg were used as reference standards. A. biebersteinii Afan. reduced significantly fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, improved oral glucose tolerance, tended to raise serum insulin levels, enhanced regeneration of β cells, and seemed to be more effective than the reference standards. It is assumed that A. biebersteinii Afan. increases utilization of glucose by tissues and/or enhances insulin release from remanent and/or regenerated β-cells. In conclusion, A. biebersteinii Afan. possesses potent antihyperglycemic activity and it may prove to be effective for the treatment of both types of diabetes.