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Feed additives have attracted increased attention in aquaculture due to their ability to modulate fish gut microbiota, resulting in improved fish growth and immunity. This study assessed the effects of two synbiotics in Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica: Bacillus subtilis with mannooligosaccharides (MOS) and Enterococcus faecium with fructooligosaccharides (FOS).

Six diets, including a control (CON) diet, oxytetracycline (OTC) diet, and four synbiotic diets (B. subtilis at 1 × 10⁶ or 1 × 10⁷ colony‐forming units [CFU]/g with MOS at 5 g/kg [BS6MO and BS7MO; collectively, BSMOS diets] and E. faecium at 1 × 10⁶ or 1 × 10⁷ CFU/g with FOS at 5 g/kg [EF6FO and EF7FO; collectively, EFFOS diets]), were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (average weight ± SD = 6.00 ± 0.07 g) for 8 weeks.

Fish fed the BSMOS diets showed significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate …