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Nanobiotechnology has been proposed as the next general-purpose technology and engine for growth in the twenty first century. Applications employing nanotechnologies promise greater access to knowledge and information; new therapeutic interventions; improved environmental monitoring; greater safety and security; expanded communication capacities, and many other industrial and societal applications. The global nanotechnology market valued at nearly $1.05 billion in 2018, is expected to reach $2.23 billion by the year 2025 with an expected compound annual growth rate of 10.5% from 2019 to 2025. Millions of workers will be employed in nanotechnology-related industries, and many more will be part of supporting jobs like academics.

Nanoparticles are microscopic entities with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. These are gaining increasing attention due to their immense use in optics, electronics …