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To evaluate the trustworthiness of saliency maps for abnormality localization in medical imaging.

Using two large publicly available radiology datasets (Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine–American College of Radiology Pneumothorax Segmentation dataset and Radiological Society of North America Pneumonia Detection Challenge dataset), the performance of eight commonly used saliency map techniques were quantified in regard to (a) localization utility (segmentation and detection), (b) sensitivity to model weight randomization, (c) repeatability, and (d) reproducibility. Their performances versus baseline methods and …