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While several heavy metals and trace minerals have been linked with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP) in women, no studies have estimated the relationship of exposure to these chemicals, both independently and as a mixture, with systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) over gestation.

We examined individual and joint effects of 1^st trimester chemicals with SBP and DBP over gestation, and whether those chemicals were associated with HDP.

We used data from 1832 non-obese pregnant women with low-risk antenatal profiles from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies - Singleton cohort (2009–2013). In plasma collected from women at 8–13 weeks’ gestation (baseline enrollment), we measured heavy metals, barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), antimony (Sb), as well as trace …