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Objective To examine the effect habitual physical activity has on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition (fat-free mass[FFM], fat mass, and percent body fat) in active compared to sedentary adult women. Design RMR was measured (by indirect calorimetry) twice after a 12-hour fast at the same point of the menstrual cycle and 48hours after exercise. FFM, fat mass and percent body fat were measured using whole body air displacement plethysmography. Energy intake and expenditure were determined using 7-day weighed-food records and activity logs. Subjects Healthy, weight-stable premenopausal women aged 35 to 50years classified as either active (approximately 9hours per week of physical activity for 10 or more years) (n=18) or sedentary (approximately 1hour per week of physical activity) (n=14). Statistical analyses Analysis of covariance was used to investigate differences in mean RMR (kcal …