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The thermal resistivity of soil is a basic parameter to describe its heat transfer characteristic and also is a key parameter in analysis of soil heat transfer in geotechnical engineering. The thermal probe testing technology and its theory were introduced. Four different typical soils in Nanjing area were measured by non-steady-state probe. The relationship between the soil thermal resistivity and moisture content was analyzed at different dry densities. It could be concluded that the non-steady-state probe can effectively measure the thermal resistivity of soils. With an increase in both moisture content and dry density, the magnitude of thermal resistivity decreased. There is a dramatical decrease of thermal resistivity in the initial stages of adding water to the dry soil. The thermal resistivity decreases rapidly within moisture content in a relatively small range and then approach equilibrium with further increase in moisture …