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Objectives.  We screened a cohort of subjects affected by various degree of dyspepsia to reveal if they presented a reduction of the aorto‐mesenteric angle and to diagnose suspected cases of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome.

Design.  Controlled, prospective, study.

Setting. Subjects were studied as outpatients.

Subjects.  The study investigated a total of 3622 subjects referred to our department by their general practitioners for dyspepsia and/or abdominal pain.

Interventions.  Abdominal ultrasonography with power colour Doppler, gastroduodenoscopy, hypotonic duodenography, contrast‐enhanced spiral computerized tomography were performed.

Main outcome measurement and results.  Color Doppler revealed a significant reduction of the SMA angle in 29 of 950 subjects; gastroscopy showed duodenal compressive pulsation in 14 of 29 patients and X‐ray revealed compression of the third …