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Extracellular field potentials (EFPs) generate clinically important signals, but their sources are 38 incompletely understood. As a model, we have analyzed the auditory neurophonic in the barn 39 owl’s nucleus laminaris. There the EFP originates predominantly from spiking in the afferent 40 axons, with spectral power≳ 1 kHz, while postsynaptic laminaris neurons contribute little. In 41 conclusion, the identification of EFP sources is possible if they have different spectral components 42 and if their activities can be modulated selectively. 43