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Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 209–221

Background  Even with the current most effective treatment regimens, a relevant proportion of patients will fail to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection.

Aim  To evaluate the role of rifabutin in the treatment of H. pylori infection.

Methods  Bibliographical searches were performed in MEDLINE. Data on the efficacy of rifabutin‐containing regimens on H. pylori eradication were combined and meta‐analysed using the generic inverse variance method.

Results  Rifabutin shows good in vitro activity against H. pylori. Mean H. pylori rifabutin resistance rate (calculated from 11 studies including 2982 patients) was 1.3% (95% confidence interval = 0.9–1.7%). When only studies including patients naïve to H. pylori eradication treatment were considered, this figure was even lower (0.6%). On the other hand, higher values of rifabutin resistance were calculated (1.59 …