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Understanding biological mechanisms underlying traumatic stress resilience is critical and can advance preventive psychiatry. Brain phenotypes of stress resilience have been investigated in animals, but such data in humans is scarce. Here we characterize cross-sectional brain correlates of traumatic stress resilience and susceptibility to mood and anxiety psychopathology (MAP) in community youth with substantial trauma exposure. Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort youths with high-quality structural neuroimaging data were included (N = 1392, mean age ~ 15). MAP was quantified using a dimensional factor score. Resilience and susceptibility were ascertained retrospectively and defined as low/high MAP (respectively) in relation to trauma exposure. This resilience-susceptibility construct was operationalized as the interaction term between trauma exposure and MAP. Clinical functioning level was …