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To assess how cognitive impairment affects rehabilitation outcomes and to determine whether individual benefit regardless of cognition.

Prospective open observational study.

Two rehabilitation wards admitting older adults after admissions with medical or surgical problems.

Two hundred forty‐one individuals admitted to two rehabilitation wards, 144 female, mean age 84.4 ± 7.3 (range: 59–103).

The Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered, and participants were categorized into four groups: cognitively intact (MMSE score: 27–30), mildly impaired (MMSE score: 21–26), moderately impaired (MMSE score: 11–20), and severely impaired (MMSE score: 0–10). Barthel activity of daily living score was calculated on admission, at 2 and 6 weeks (if appropriate), and at discharge to assess level of independence and improvement or deterioration …