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The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rising, and as a result, tuberculosis (TB) has become a resurgent problem in many developed countries.

The aim of this study was to review the spectrum of abdominal TB and its surgical management in our institution.

A retrospective review of all abdominal TB cases notified to the health authorities by our institution from Jan 01 to Oct 07 was performed.

There were 57 patients (37 men) with abdominal TB, with a median age of 47 (range 14–74) years. Active pulmonary TB was present in 27 patients (47%). Positive HIV status was present in 30% and untested in 58%. The majority of patients underwent computed tomography scans (n = 50, 88%). The main radiological findings included bowel thickening, lymphadenopathy, ascites, free gas suggestive of perforation, and abscesses. The diagnosis of TB was …