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Cross‐sectional studies have suggested that compared with women who delay the start of their sexual career, those who first have intercourse soon after menarche are more susceptible to cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and thus have a greater risk of cervical neoplasia. We describe, using longitudinal observations, how the risk of infection with HPV varies with the interval between menarche and first intercourse in 474 women aged 15–19 recruited within 12 months of first intercourse and before the acquisition of a second sexual partner. One hundred forty‐five women became HPV‐positive; the cumulative risk of HPV infection 3 years after first intercourse was 45.0% (95% CI = 37.9–51.2). In univariate analyses, the hazards ratio (HR) of HPV infection increased significantly with age at first intercourse (HR = 1.212 per year; 95% CI = 1.050–1.398), partner age (HR = 1.084 per year; 95% CI = 1.045 …