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Overview: In the last decade, neuroimaging techniques became increasingly popular to study the neural underpinnings of psychological processes and consequently these methods were also applied in deception research. After giving a brief overview on neuroimaging methods, this chapter summarizes studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography to examine the neural underpinnings of deception and information concealment. A meta-analysis was carried out to determine the clustering of brain activation peaks across studies when contrasting deceptive with truthful answers in the Differentiation of Deception (DoD) paradigm or critical details with neutral items in the Concealed Information Test (CIT). A ventral frontoparietal network that is involved in detecting behaviorally relevant stimuli by matching them with previously acquired memory representations was recruited in both experimental paradigms. On this basis, first attempts to derive individual diagnoses from neuroimaging data will be described and the application of the DoD paradigm to forensic questions will be critically discussed. With respect to the CIT, neuroimaging techniques can be highly useful to shed light on the neural processes underlying information concealment and this knowledge can ultimately help to improve CIT validity.