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Kaempferia galanga L., family Zingiberaceae, is used extensively in the preparation of both traditional and modern medicines. Buds of rhizomes of K. galanga were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l benzyladenine and 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to induce shoot proliferation. Micropropagated plantlets subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker-based molecular profiling revealed uniform banding patterns similar to those of the mother plants. After 2 years of culture in vitro, plantlets were transplanted to the field, evaluated for different agronomic traits, and their rhizomes were subjected to biochemical profiling using quantitative and qualitative assays of essential oils. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis of rhizome oil of micropropagated plants showed the presence of 10 major …