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Uruguay has a rapidly growing forestry industry consisting mainly of exotic Pinus and Eucalyptus spp. Recently, there have been reports of individual E. grandis trees wilting and dying rapidly in plantations. The aim of this investigation was to survey the dying E. grandis in the Rivera area of Uruguay and to determine the cause of the Eucalyptus wilt. Sap-staining symptoms were observed on recently pruned E. grandis. Discs of discoloured wood were cut from these pruned trees and from the stems of dying trees. These disks were stored in a moist environment to induce fungal sporulation. Ascomata, typical of a Ceratocystis sp., were found covering the edges of the wood where streaking symptoms occurred. Morphologically, the fungus resembles C. fimbriata. The internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal RNA operon of the Ceratocystis sp. were amplified and sequenced. Sequence data …