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The smart grid (SG) system is an intelligent technology that facilitates the integration of green technology and environmental aspects, which is a two-way communication system for information transformation, power generation, and distribution. The development and application of communication technology in the traditional power system deployed the SG cyber-physical system. The SG systems have a complex architecture that contains critical devices and Internet of Things (IoT)-based infrastructures. These critical infrastructures and devices are faced with cyber-attacks. Therefore, the SG systems required lots of research to protect these attacks from economic damage, security deficits, national grid security, and life loss. This paper comprehensively reviews SG cyber-physical and cyber security systems, standard protocols, and challenges. We discussed the SG model, key elements, advanced distribution …