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Measured values of ultrasound attenuation in bone represent a combination of different loss mechanisms. As a wave is transmitted from a fluid into bone, reflections occur at the interface. In the bone, mode conversion occurs between longitudinal and shear modes and the mechanical wave is scattered by its complex internal microstructure. Finally, part of the wave energy is absorbed by the bone and converted into heat. Due to the complexity of the wave propagation and the difficulty in performing measurements that are capable of separating the various loss mechanisms, there are currently no estimates of the absorption in bone. The aim of this paper is, thus, to quantify the attenuation, scattering, and thermal absorption in bone.

An attenuating model of wave propagation in bone is established and used to develop a three‐dimensional finite difference time domain numerical algorithm …