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Triplet harvesting of organic materials is of great significance in many applications, including organic optoelectronic devices, anti-counterfeiting, and biological and chemical sensors. Aryl carbonyl-based luminescent materials have been widely studied in the above-mentioned fields because they possess intrinsic n–π* transitions as a result of the lone electron pairs of the carbonyl oxygen. Consequently, efficient intersystem crossing and reverse intersystem crossing can be achieved and triplet energy can be utilized through the narrow singlet–triplet offsets arose from the orthogonal overlaps between n and π* orbitals. It has also been revealed that they exhibit versatility in molecular tailoring and supramolecular engineering for various functional materials. This review presents a systematic summary of the recent research on aryl carbonyl (including moieties derived from aryl carbonyl) derivatives, with particular …