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Craniocerebral trauma (CCT) is the most frequent cause of morbidity–mortality as a result of an accident. The probable origins and etiologies are multifactorial and include free radical formation and oxidative stress, the suppression of nonspecific resistance, lymphocytopenia (disorder in the adhesion and activation of cells), opportunistic infections, regional macro and microcirculatory alterations, disruptive sleep–wake cycles and toxicity caused by therapeutic agents. These pathogenic factors contribute to the unfavorable development of clinical symptoms as the disease progresses. Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is an indoleamine endogenously produced in the pineal gland and in other organs and it is protective agent against damage following CCT. Some of the actions of melatonin that support its pharmacological use after CCT include its role as a scavenger of both oxygen and nitrogen‐based …