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Background: It is now well established that HCV is of global importance affecting all countries, leading to a major global health problem that requires widespread active interventions for its prevention and control. Chronic hepatitis C was linked to the development of cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in many areas of the world. WHO reported that Egypt has the highest prevalence (22%) in the world?

Objectives: Susceptibility to infection has been related to immunological disturbances. HCV and autoimmune hepatitis have been associated with HLA A1, A6, A8,-DRB* 01-* 15 alleles.

Methods: HLA alleles were detected by Sequence Specific Oligoneucleotide Probe (SSOP) using INNO-LiPA based on reverse hybridization after amplification of target HLA allele sequence by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The non-organ-specific Antibodies Include Antinuclear (ANA), Smooth Muscle (ASMA), Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody (AMA), Perinuclear Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic (pANCA), Liver-Kidney Microsomal Antibodies (LK/MA) and Anticardiolipn Antibodies (ACA) were all measured by commercial Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IF). Clinical significance of these autoantibodies was analyzed in comparison to HCV load by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and genotype by 4 byline probe assay INNO-LiPA.

Conclusion: Current understanding of genetic basis (HLA alleles) of chronic HCV genotype4 cases and autoimmune hepatitis cases free from HCV will aid a lot in treating both types of hepatitis using successful line of therapy as early as possible to save money and side effects of wrong medications.