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In the initial stages of dental plaque formation, early colonizing bacteria bind to receptor structures in the pellicle, a proteinaceous film formed instantly after cleaning of the tooth surface. Dental restorative materials with surface characteristics different from the tooth might affect pellicle formation and the ability of bacteria to colonize the oral cavity. In this study (i) roughness and chemical composition of glass ionomer and composite resin surfaces before and after polishing, and (ii) the adsorption of salivary proteins and bacterial adherence to the pellicle-coated surfaces were examined. Compared with unpolished composite resin, unpolished glass ionomer had higher surface roughness, contained more inorganic, positively charged components, collected more proteins, and promoted better bacterial adherence. Polishing had the most pronounced effect on the composite resin, giving an enlarged and a rougher …