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The structural and electronic charge distributions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) chemically modified with Ag and CrO₃ were investigated by ab initio methods. Using first-principles spin-polarized calculations, we studied the structural and electronic behavior of Ag atoms and CrO₃ molecules interacting with an (8,0) semiconducting SWNT. We have found that the Ag atom behaves as an electron donor and the CrO₃ as an electron acceptor in the presence of the SWNT. Resonance Raman experiments performed on Ag and CrO₃-adsorbed SWNTs confirm the donor and acceptor behavior, respectively.