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Spatial representations in the visual system were probed in 4 experiments involving AH, a woman with a developmental deficit in localizing visual stimuli. Previous research (M. McCloskey et al., 1995) has shown that AH's localization errors take the form of reflections across a central vertical or horizontal axis (eg, a stimulus 30 to her left localized to a position 30 to her right). The present experiments demonstrate that AH's errors vary systematically as a function of where her attention is focused, independent of how her eyes, head, or body are oriented, or what potential reference points are present in the visual field. These results suggest that the normal visual system constructs attention-referenced spatial representations, in which the focus of attention defines the origin of a spatial coordinate system. A more general implication is that some of the brain's spatial representations take the form of coordinate systems.