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Clinical techniques for assessment of cognitive dysfunction have traditionally focussed on language and perceptual deficits, at the expense of impairments in other cognitive domains. One area that has received scant attention is dyscalculia, the class of deficits affecting number comprehension, number production, and calculation. For instance, of the more than 600 tests and subscales treated in Lezak's (1983) extensive handbook of neuropsychological assessment, only three are described as useful for assessment of dyscalculia. In this chapter we describe theoretically grounded assessment procedures that have emerged from our research on number-processing and calculation deficits.