作者
Arnulf Stenzl, Nigel C Cowan, Maria De Santis, Gerhard Jakse, Marcus A Kuczyk, Axel S Merseburger, Maria José Ribal, Amir Sherif, J Alfred Witjes
发表日期
2009/4/1
来源
European urology
卷号
55
期号
4
页码范围
815-825
出版商
Elsevier
简介
CONTEXT
New data regarding diagnosis and treatment of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MiM-BC) has emerged and led to an update of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for MiM-BC.
OBJECTIVE
To review the new EAU guidelines for MiM-BC.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A comprehensive workup of the literature obtained from Medline, the Cochrane central register of systematic reviews, and reference lists in publications and review articles was developed and screened by a group of urologists, oncologists, and radiologist appointed by the EAU Guideline Committee. Previous recommendations based on the older literature on this subject were taken into account. Levels of evidence and grade of guideline recommendations were added, modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
The diagnosis of muscle-invasive …
引用总数
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