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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is situated largely in a desert biome. The native flora contributes many plants utilized in traditional medicine systems. These herbal remedies are often used as complements or alternatives to allopathic medicine. Unfortunately, in keeping with worldwide trends, the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancers in Saudi Arabia has been increasing. Thus, herbal remedies continue to be utilized for their purported role in prevention and treatment of diseases. Also, there is growing scientific inquiry regarding the secondary metabolite (natural product) profiles and activities of plants that show therapeutic promise. Two members of the Capparidaceae plant family (Capparis spinosa L. and Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew.) are discussed in regard to secondary metabolites and activities relevant to diabetes. The Asclepiadaceae family members …