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Forest plantations are among the main threats to the grassland ecosystems of southeastern South America. One key question is whether such plantations affect the evolutionary diversity of bird communities, since previous studies have shown a reduction in taxonomic and functional diversity. High levels of phylogenetic diversity can ensure the conservation of communities, and high evolutionary potential to adapt to environmental changes. Taking this into account we investigated whether the conversion of native grasslands into forest plantations impacted the evolutionary and taxonomic diversity of bird communities, through an analysis of the different dimensions of diversity. Our investigations took place in southern Brazil where native grasslands predominate, however many have been afforested in recent years. We collected data from bird communities in native grassland and forest habitats, as well as from …