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WITH MANY CHANGES, INCLUDING advances in health, comes speculation about the possible damaging and unintended consequences of introducing change. In many preventive interventions, unintended consequences follow a particular form called disinhibition or risk compensation. As typically understood, these concepts are operationalized via individuals who, once feeling protected against 1 health risk, engage in other risky behavior that puts them at risk for the same or other health problems. For example, commentary from the 1960s and 1970s cited effective STD treatment as a risk for increased sexual behavior. 1 As well, recent debate over mandatory human papillomavirus vaccinations for school entry has brought similar fear that young women might subsequently feel free from concern about the cancer-causing disease and have more unprotected sex with more partners at an earlier age. 2–4 In this …