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Direct international comparisons which aim to understand how factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation and attitudes towards the HPV vaccination in parents differ are scarce. Parents (n = 179) of daughters aged 9–17 years in the US, UK and Australia completed an online survey in 2011 with questions measuring daughters' HPV vaccination status, HPV knowledge, HPV vaccination knowledge, and statements assessing attitude towards the HPV vaccine. The strongest factor associated with vaccination status across all countries was parental HPV knowledge (p < 0.001). Parents with both very low and very high knowledge scores were less likely to have vaccinated their daughters. Parents with higher HPV vaccination knowledge scores intended to vaccinate their daughters (if not already vaccinated) for protective reasons (p < 0.001), while those whose daughters were already …