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Given evidence of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of small papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs), strategies are needed to promote the consideration of less invasive treatment options for patients with low-risk PTC.

To determine the association of treatment preferences and anxiety levels for PTC with the terminology used to describe the condition.

This randomized crossover study involved a community sample of 550 Australian men and women 18 years or older without a history of thyroid cancer. Between March 16, 2016, and July 26, 2016, participants accessed an online study that presented 3 hypothetical but clinically realistic scenarios, each of which described PTC as papillary thyroid cancer, papillary lesion, or abnormal cells. Participants were exposed to all 3 scenarios with the different terminologies, and participants were randomized by the order (first, second …