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Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) are used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but predicting clinical response to TPO‐RAs before initiation is not possible. To determine whether endogenous TPO levels predict treatment response to TPO‐RAs we performed a retrospective analysis of ITP patients with known baseline TPO levels who received TPO‐RAs. Data was collected for ITP patients with a baseline TPO level treated with eltrombopag or romiplostim. Multiple logistic regression was used to model the probability of 3 classes of treatment response (overall, moderate, and superior) based on TPO level; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify optimal TPO thresholds for response; correlations between TPO level and various response characteristics were analyzed. A total of 67 patients (37 receiving eltrombopag and 46 receiving romiplostim) were included …