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—Incomplete coding of secondary diagnoses may bias assessments of patient risks of poor outcomes using administrative health care databases, most of which allow only five diagnoses. The Medicare program is expanding the number of possible diagnoses from five to nine, aiming to improve coding completeness. We examined the impact of having more diagnosis codes available on assessments of risk of death.

—We used 1988 computerized hospital discharge abstract data from California, which allow up to 25 diagnoses per discharge, to select a sample of hospitalized patients and assessed the relationship between the presence of 29 specific secondary diagnoses and the risk of in-hospital death.

—Nonfederal acute-care hospitals in California.

—All patients at least 65 years of age who were hospitalized for stroke, pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, or congestive …