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With few exceptions, Indigenous peoples around the world continue to experience significantly poorer health outcomes than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Although the magnitude of Indigenous/non-Indigenous health disparities varies significantly across time and place, there is a general consensus that Indigenous people suffer higher suicide rates, higher mortality for infants, children and mothers and carry a heavier infectious disease burden (Gracey and King 2009). Building on the seminal work of Kunitz (1994) researchers over the last decade have made a concerted effort to identify the scale and nature of Indigenous health inequities and suggest steps for action. In 2006 The Lancet commissioned a pioneering series of articles on Indigenous health in different continents including Africa and South America (Anderson et al. 2006; Montenegro and Stephens 2006; Ohenjo et al. 2006; Stephens et al. 2006 …