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Adaptative responses of ectothermic organisms to thermal variation typically involve the reorganization of membrane glycerophospholipids (GPLs) to maintain membrane function. We investigated how acclimation at 15, 20 and 25°C during preimaginal development influences the thermal tolerance and the composition of membrane GPLs in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Long-term cold survival was significantly improved by low acclimation temperature. After 60h at 0°C, more than 80% of the 15°C-acclimated flies survived while none of the 25°C-acclimated flies survived. Cold shock tolerance (1h at subzero temperatures) was also slightly better in the cold acclimated flies. LT50 shifted down by ca 1.5°C in 15°C-acclimated flies in comparison to those acclimated at 25°C. In contrast, heat tolerance was not influenced by acclimation temperature. Low temperature acclimation was associated with the increase in …