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Evaluative conditioning (EC) is one of the terms that are used to refer to associatively induced changes in liking. Many controversies have arisen in the literature on EC. This chapter discusses the extent to which the papers that are published in the issue help to resolve some of the controversies that surround EC. It examines possible boundary conditions of EC and attempt to reconcile conflicting results on the functional properties of EC. D. R. Shanks and A. Dickinson and A. P. Field and G. C. L. Davey convincingly argued and demonstrated that apparent EC effects can be due to an artefact that is related to the stimulus assignment procedure. Field and Davey argued that to demonstrate that changes in liking are due to associative learning, EC studies should include between-subject control conditions in which stimuli are not paired. The chapter suggests that EC does depend on awareness of the stimulus pairings.