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Self-assembled nanoparticles based on hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) were prepared as a carrier for paclitaxel. HGC conjugates were prepared by chemically linking 5β-cholanic acid to glycol chitosan chains using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide chemistry. In phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4), the synthesized HGC conjugates formed nano-sized particles with a diameter of 200 nm and exhibited high thermodynamic stability as reflected by their low critical aggregation concentration (0.03 mg/ml). Paclitaxel was efficiently loaded into HGC nanoparticles up to 10 wt.% using a dialysis method. The paclitaxel-loaded HGC (PTX-HGC) nanoparticles were 400 nm in diameter and were stable in PBS for 10 days. These PTX-HGC nanoparticles also showed sustained release of the incorporated of paclitaxel (80% of the loaded dose was released in 8 days at 37 °C in PBS). Owing to …