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 Thirty-five Azospirillum strains (13 strains from plant roots and 22 strains from soils) were isolated from Ishigaki island, Japan, which has a subtropical climate. These strains were different from each other according to polymerase-chain-reaction band patterns obtained by using a random primer (OPT-08). Two Azospirillum strains (AZ43 and AZ92-2) were also examined for use in further experiments. Inoculation of lowland rice with these strains enhanced early growth of rice to various degrees. Inoculation of strains VIII.P1-2, AZ92-2, V.S2-2, and V.P5 in sterilized soil yielded higher shoot dry weights than the application of 90 μg N g^–1 soil without inoculation. Only inoculation with strains AZ92-2 and VIII.P1-2 caused higher N uptake than the application of 90 μg N g^–1 soil. Three strains were selected for the next experiment based on the results of their effect on the early growth of rice. An investigation …