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miRNA-derivative clinical nucleotide drugs (mdCNDs) effectively treat several diseases, with numerous undergoing clinical trials. In early-stage trials in disease therapeutics, such as malignant pleural mesothelioma and hepatic virus C infection, mdCND’s therapeutic potency is undeniably good for effectiveness and safety.

Fifteen mdCNDs undergoing clinical trials are introduced in this review. MiRNA modifications methods have been summarized, including phosphorothioate, cholesterol, locked nucleic acid, 2ʹ-O-methyl, N,N-diethyl-4-(4-nitronaphthalen1-ylazo)-phenylamine modifications, and many more. Moreover, delivery systems, including self-assembled, inorganic ions nanoparticles, exosomes, and lipid-based nanosystems for mdCNDs targeted delivery, are presented. Among that, EnGeneIC, N-Acetylgalactosamine, liposomal nanoparticles, and cholesterol-conjugated for …