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We synthesized a carboxymethylcellulose with phenol moieties by covalently incorporating tyramine into carboxymethylcellulose using aqueous-phase carbodiimide activation chemistry. The resulting hydrogel was obtained from an aqueous solution of the conjugate via the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation reaction of phenols by consuming H₂O₂, where the gelation speed depended on the concentrations of enzyme and H₂O₂. The viability of the mammalian cells enclosed within the hydrogel prepared from 1.5% (w/v) conjugate solution containing 5 units/ml horseradish peroxidase and 1 mM H₂O₂, was 80% after 24 h. These results demonstrate that this carboxymethylcellulose with phenol moieties has potential for biomedical applications including tissue-engineering.