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OBJECTIVE—To determine the long-term effect of low glycemic index dietary advice on metabolic control and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Children with type 1 diabetes (n = 104) were recruited to a prospective, stratified, randomized, parallel study to examine the effects of a measured carbohydrate exchange (CHOx) diet versus a more flexible low–glycemic index (GI) dietary regimen on HbA_1c levels, incidence of hypo- and hyperglycemia, insulin dose, dietary intake, and measures of quality of life over 12 months.

RESULTS—At 12 months, children in the low-GI group had significantly better HbA_1c levels than those in the CHOx group (8.05 ± 0.95 vs. 8.61 ± 1.37%, P = 0.05). Rates of excessive hyperglycemia (>15 episodes per month) were significantly lower in the low-GI group (35 vs. 66%, P = 0.006). There were no differences …