查看文章

Lack of space for a wastewater treatment plant is a common problem in many areas, especially in dense cities. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are efficient natural systems; however, they require large areas. The aim of this study is the development of a compact CW design for the treatment of domestic wastewater, the Duplex-CW: a hybrid system with a stacked design (vertical flow CW (VFCW) on top of a horizontal flow filter (HFF)). The performance of three different configurations of Duplex-CW, called fill and drain, stagnant batch and free drain, was compared. The VFCWs operated differently with the intention of creating different oxygen conditions, whereas the HFFs were operated identically. The Duplex-CWs were subjected to three different wastewater strengths, corresponding to designs of 7.9, 3.4 and 2.6 m² PE⁻¹. The highest strength was treated with and without artificial aeration of the VFCW of each …