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Aberrant salience is likely to be a key mechanism in the development of psychosis. This concept bridges the perceptual and the cognitive levels but little is known about their respective roles in the emergence of psychosis. It has also been suggested that not all aspects of aberrant salience are specific to psychosis. The aim of this study was to compare patients with psychosis, patients with other psychiatric diagnoses and healthy, non-clinical participants on several psychological dimensions related to aberrant salience.