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Oxidant generation during regular physical exercise training may influence the adaptive responses that have been shown to confer protection against oxidative stress induced by subsequent acute exercise. To examine this, we randomly assigned 32 males to either a normoxic (n = 14) or a hypoxic (n = 18) group. During the acute phase, subjects in the hypoxic group performed two maximal cycling tests in a randomized double-blind fashion: one under conditions of normoxia and the other under hypoxic conditions (inspired fraction of O₂ = 0.21 and 0.16 respectively). During the intermittent phase, the normoxic and hypoxic groups each trained for 4 weeks at the same relative exercise intensity, under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia respectively. During acute exercise under hypoxic conditions, the venous concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde were increased, despite a comparatively lower …