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Nepal’s lowland regions provide a rich habitat for greater one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) populations. However, rhinos are facing human-caused and natural threats such as habitat loss and several other forms of anthropogenic pressure that cause mortality of greater one-horned rhinos (hereafter rhino) in Nepal. Understanding these patterns of mortality can provide important information for rhino conservation. In this study, we answered three important questions to aid in rhino conservation in Nepal:1)what was the pattern of rhino mortality (increased, decreased, or no change) during 2008–2018 in Nepal? 2) Does the pattern of rhino mortality vary by season, age, and gender? And, 3) what are the major causes of rhino mortality in Nepal? We collected rhino mortality data along with age, gender, and cause of death in the period between 2008 and 2018 in Nepal from secondary sources. We found that a …