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Social behaviors and group formation are found across the animal kingdom but have been, until recently, traditionally neglected in sharks and rays. Despite this, some of the most incredible examples of animal groups can be found in elasmobranchs (eg, Scalloped Hammerhead Shark schools).

Our understanding of elasmobranch sociality has increased dramatically over the last few years due to improvements in analytical tools and the technology used to study behaviors in the wild. This chapter reviews what is known about elasmobranch sociality from captive and field studies, as well as the different types of groups that are found in the wild. The drivers of sociality are also explored, including foraging, mating,