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Background Resident physicians take annual in-service examinations (ISEs) as part of continuing medical education, which set educational priorities, allow for formative feedback, and guide preparation for final board examinations. Gender-affirming care is provided in many specialties but has been an underrepresented area in medical education. Plastic surgeons provide a large portion of gender-affirming surgical care. Educational gaps in standardized ISEs may contribute to ongoing health care disparities for transgender and gender diverse people.

Objective To evaluate the quality of content pertaining to gender-affirming surgery (GAS) on plastic surgery ISEs.

Methods Plastic surgery ISEs from years 2012 to 2020 were accessed online through the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons website in June 2022. All 5 gender diverse authors analyzed examinations for the …