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Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is often recurrent, but the reported rate of short-term repetition of DSH has varied greatly. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize findings through providing pooled rate estimates and to explore their differences by age, gender, and other factors.

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PsycINFO was conducted to include longitudinal studies from 1999 to 2018. Random effects model was applied to pool rates of non-fatal and fatal repetition at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 years intervals.

Of 9201 potentially eligible articles 76 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled rates of non-fatal repetition were 15.01%, 17.03%, 20.82%, and 24.20% during the 0.5-year, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year follow-up, respectively. The corresponding rates of fatal repetition were 0.77%, 1.34%, 1.49% and 2.46 …