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The Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud cover, large temperature amplitudes, high atmospheric water content and high precipitation rates. While the monsoons dominate the climate of the southern and eastern regions, they progressively lose strength westward towards the Karakoram, where the influence of Westerlies is predominant. Despite the major role of the monsoon in the Himalayas, a holistic understanding of their influence on the region’s glaciers is lacking 5 because previous applications of energy-and mass-balance models have been limited to single study sites. In this study, we use a full energy-and mass-balance model and seven on-glacier automatic weather station datasets from different parts of the Himalayas to investigate how monsoon conditions influence the glacier surface energy and mass balance. In particular, we look at how debris-covered and debris-free glaciers respond differently to monsoonal conditions. The radiation budget mostly controls the melt of clean-ice glaciers, but turbulent fluxes also play an important role in modulating the melt energy on debris-covered 10 glaciers. The sensible heat flux reduces during core monsoon, but the latent heat flux removes energy from the surface due to evaporation of liquid water. This interplay of radiative and turbulent fluxes, together with compensations between increasing and decreasing melt rates over the diurnal cycle, causes debris-covered glacier melt rates to stay almost constant over the entire ablation period through the different …